An earthquake, or seismic event, is the sudden shaking of the ground caused by the release of energy in the Earth's crust, creating seismic waves. Quakes vary greatly in strength, from imperceptible tremors to catastrophic temblors that toss people and objects, topple infrastructure, and devastate entire cities. A region's seismic activity refers to the frequency, intensity, and type of quakes over time, while seismicity measures the rate of seismic energy released per unit volume at a specific location in the Earth's interior.