Magnesium

Magnesium, a shiny gray metal, is the chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. This alkaline earth metal is known for its low density, melting point, and high reactivity. Magnesium naturally occurs only combined with other elements, typically having an oxidation state of +2. It quickly forms a thin, protective magnesium oxide coating when exposed to air. The free metal exhibits a brilliant-white light when burned. Magnesium is primarily obtained through electrolysis of magnesium salts from brine. Its low density makes it useful in creating strong, lightweight alloys with aluminium.