Matter

In modern physics and chemistry, matter is defined as any substance possessing mass and occupying space through volume. All tangible everyday objects are made up of atoms, which consist of interacting subatomic particles. In both everyday and scientific usage, matter typically includes atoms and their constituents, as well as any particles (or combination of particles) exhibiting properties of rest mass and volume. However, massless particles like photons and other energy phenomena such as light or heat are not considered matter. Matter can exist in various states or phases, including the classical phases of solid, liquid, and gas, as exemplified by water in the forms of ice, liquid water, and gaseous steam. Other less states of matter include plasma, Bose–Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates, and quark–gluon plasma.